Abstracts and Posters 2023

Building a World-Class Onboarding Process: Vulcan Materials Company Southeast Division by Shelby Stanley, Claire Pearce, Sophia DeMayo, Sam Uwoghiren, Liz Brigham, Dr. John Kello

Backgammon Playing Bot by Anastasis (Tasos) Pagounas, Helena von Leupoldt, Dr. Raghu Ramanujan

Increasing SNAP Participation Rates Among Students: A Lula Bell’s SNAP Enrollment Program by Victoria Anyanwu, Dr. Stacey Riemer

Deliberative Citizenship Initiative (DCI) by Bassett, Brody, Peter Beck, Peyton Carter, Miles Charles, Toffy Chen, Lauren Collver, Mae Corley, Kayleigh Davies, Divin Dushimimana, Clyde Dwyer, Daniel Lee, Heidi Meyer, LJ Phillips, Laegan Smith, Anthony Toumazatos, Dr. Graham Bullock

How can we promote more productive conversations on and off campus about important issues facing our society? This poster surveys the efforts of the Deliberative Citizenship Initiative (DCI) to create spaces for such conversations to happen, from Deliberative Forums and D Teams to Common Conversations and 900 Room @ 9 events. It features the work of the DCI’s 15 student fellows, who include international students, athletes, and first-years through seniors.

A Proposal to Help Close the Achievement Gap in Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools by Peyton Carter, Dr. Stacey Riemer

Software Engineering Internship at Southeast Financial Group by Cameron Abernethy, Dr. Stacey Reimer

The Black Death by Abigail Francis, Amaya Daniel, and Victoria Pekarovic, Dr. Chris Marsicano

Addressing Food Insecurity with a Model to Facilitate Community-Based Nutrition Classes by Natalia Dascombe, Dr. Stacey Riemer

Does Diversity Affect Student Achievement? Evidence From 100 North Carolina Counties by Lia Dougherty, Dr. Gouri Suresh

This project investigates how diversity affects student achievement; I hypothesize a positive marginal effect due to the potential cognitive and social benefits of learning and living in a diverse environment. I use cross-sectional data from 100 North Carolina counties to analyze the relationship between the county diversity index in the year 2019 and the percentage of 11th grade students meeting the ACT benchmark in all four ACT subjects- Math, Reading, Science, and English- in the following academic year, 2020-2021. Results from the preferred model suggest that the marginal influence of diversity, while always positive, increases as the diversity level increases. However, the effect is not significantly different from zero when correcting for heteroskedasticity. Other control variables include the following: percent of people living in poverty, percent of single-parent households, per pupil expenditure, teacher attrition rate, and the percent of NBTS certified teachers.

Student Led Data Collection & Transparency – A New Model For Asset Mapping & Campus Engagement at Davidson College by Hana Kamran, Dr. Stacey Riemer

Visualizing Foreign Immigrant Admissions to the US by Sathish Karthikeyan, Kostas Mateer, Dr. Tabitha Peck

The Interactive Playbook by Morgan Martin, Dr. Tabitha Peck, Dr. Owen Mundy

The Interactive Book defines Augmented Reality (AR) and its future role in the Sports Industry across the Fan Experience and Sports Performance. The book contains AR elements and discusses its history. AR is “a technology in which a computer-generated sensory model allows users to interact with the model superimposed on real-world scenes in real-time.”

Equitable Education for the Nation: Working Towards Educator Diversity with the Hunt Institute by Audrey Meigs, Dr. Stacey Riemer

This past year I interned with The Hunt Institute, a national non-profit organization dedicated to empowering students, educators, and legislators through progressive education policy and unbiased research. Throughout my internship, I have specifically worked with the Equity Initiatives Team to focus on increasing educator diversity. Having diverse teachers in our country’s K-12 school system has shown to have positive effects for students from marginalized backgrounds. Students of color who are taught by teachers of color have improved academic performance, increased graduation rates, less school suspension, and are more likely to enroll in postsecondary education. This project reflects my work with The Hunt Institute and my future work with them as I enter a full-time position as their Program Assistant for Educator Diversity.

Come As You Are: A Community-Based Model for Supporting the Mental Health of NC Public School Students by Natalie Russell, Dr. Stacey Riemer

College Readiness Among Refugee Youth by Nora Sjue, Dr. Stacey Riemer

Competitive Catan AI by Dylan Ameres, Justin Stone, Dr. Raghu Ramanujan

Beneath the Glass Ceiling by Genesis Bernadin, Arielle Germeus, Kylee Taylor, Dr. Barbara Lom

Gender inequities in scholarly authorship have been a persistent problem in computer science (CS) research, particularly in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Chief among the concerns related to gender parity, ties to the lack of representation of female-identifying scientists in the authorship and senior authorship positions, especially in high-impact papers. This study measures the degree and nature of gender inequities in CS research published in the IEEE, a leading international organization for the advancement of technology and knowledge of computer science. Using a systematic quantitative approach, we collected first-author data from over 800 published journal articles from the IEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Aerospace and Systems Electronic Systems, and IEEE Antennas and Propagation Journals published in the years 2002, 2012, and 2022. Relying on the pronouns of the selected scientists and the Gender Bias Assessment Tool (GBAT) to predict binary gender from first names, we determined their gender to be male or female. Although we acknowledge and respect that gender is not binary, this method was utilized given the limitations of our framework. Our research reveals that, despite marginal gains in the representation of female first authors, a significant gender gap remains in the participation and representation of women as first authors in IEEE conference and journal publications. The study calls for a concerted effort to address gender inequalities in computer science research through targeted interventions such as mentoring, sponsorship, and training programs, as well as the creation of more inclusive professional development opportunities for women.

Relieving the Burden: A Comprehensive Resource Guide for Medical Travelers in Charlotte, North Carolina by Kaylie Williamson, Dr. Stacey Riemer

How did Harvard College Respond to the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic? by Kaylie Williamson, Merritt Carmichael, Lucy Helene, Erin Martin, Dr. Chris Marsicano

Does a team’s revenue play a role in how high their player’s salaries are? by Jake Dunagan

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the relationship between baseball player’s salaries, fan attendance, and team win percentage. My main goal of this paper is to analyze the effects that a teams revenue has on a players salary. I predict that teams with high attendance will have players with higher salaries because they produce more revenue, and that teams with higher win percentages will have players with higher salaries as well because winning attracts fans which brings in more revenue to pay the players.

The Future of Philanthropy in Greek Life: How to Revise the Current Model by Kayla Klurman

Distribution and development of ipsilateral projecting retinal ganglion cells labeled in the Sert-Cre reporter mouse by Lillian Byer, Dr. Barbara Lom, and Dr. Mark Smith

The mouse retina includes over forty different types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). RGCs can be classified by whether their axons target the brain’s ipsilateral (ipsiRGCs) or contralateral (contraRGCs) hemisphere. ContraRGCs are abundant and widespread throughout the mouse retina, while ipsiRGCs represent only 5% of RGCs with their cell bodies localized in the ventrotemporal crescent (VTC) region. In this study, we examined how ipsiRGCs were spatially distributed across the VT retina at developmental stages before (P0, P3, P7) and after (P14, Ad) eye opening. We labeled ipsiRGCs by crossing Sert-Cre mice with a Rosa-Stop-tdT (Ai9) reporter line so that serotonin-expressing ipsiRGCs were fluorescently labeled. We then immunostained to label ipsiRGC subtypes. Interestingly, we observed that Sert-Cre::Rosa-Stop-tdT+ ipsiRGCs were scattered across over 20% of the mouse retina after eye-opening. Our immunostaining data revealed that Sert-Cre::Rosa-Stop-tdT+ ipsiRGCs consisted of intrinsically photosensitive RGCs and subtypes of aRGCs. Moreover, to assess the function of ipsiRGCs in vision, we crossed Sert-Cre mice to a Rosa-Stop-DTA line, which led to the ablation of Cre+ RGCs. To our surprise, however, a subset of ipsiRGC projections persisted in the brains of Sert-Cre::Rosa-Stop-DTA mice. Thus, either Sert-Cre is not expressed in all mouse ipsiRGCs or non-Cre+ RGCs are rewired to project to the ipsilateral hemisphere following the early developmental ablation of Sert-Cre+ RGCs.  Taken together, these results provide a more detailed characterization of a genetic tool frequently used to label ipsiRGCs and reveal novel features of the distribution of ipsiRGCs in the developing mouse retina.

2023-2023 FIRST Action Team Summary by Alexia Baker ‘23, Alinés Lebrón-Torres ‘24, Joseph Richards ‘23, Kylee Taylor ‘23, and Talar Terzian ‘24

Racism In COVID-19 and Biomedical Research by Alexia Baker, Caro Djakuduel, Trey Messer, Cheyanne Morris

Understanding White Privilege and its Intersection with Racial Bias in Physics and STEM Classrooms​ by Mia Belforte, Katherine Clarke

Female Mentorship and Involvement In Stem by Brennan Bazant, Emelia Little

Recent years have seen an increase in the number of studies investigating the presence and impacts of white privilege in various fields, including education. One area that has received little attention in this regard is STEM and physics classrooms. This study aims to examine whether and how white privilege manifests itself in these settings and what implications this has for students of color. Our research examines the ways in which non-white groups are affected by white privilege in classroom and job opportunity settings within physics and STEM. The findings will contribute to our understanding of how systemic racism operates in academic settings and inform efforts to foster more equitable and inclusive learning environments. This resource is intended for all teachers and other academic staff who teach, advise, work in research groups with, and interact with other people. This resource offers methods to reduce the amount of implicit bias and unconscious use of white privilege in classroom settings.​

Playing Flappy Bird with Deep Q-Learning by Shahin Ahmadi, Huey Li

Reinforcement learning is a method used when there is a need for agents to learn to make decisions under uncertainty and when the environment is dynamic and complex. We apply deep reinforcement learning to the popular arcade-style game Flappy Bird by training a convolutional neural network with a variant of Q-learning to learn control policies from high-dimensional sensory input. The network is trained solely on raw pixel information and the score from the game, and the output is a value function estimating future rewards. Our agent achieves super-human performance in the game, suggesting deep reinforcement learning is a promising method for learning to play complex games with high-dimensional
sensory input, even with no prior knowledge. Our work highlights the potential and utility of reinforcement learning for real-world applications, where there is no single correct solution to a problem.

The Effects of a Bilateral Entorhinal Cortex Surgery on Rats’ Spatial Working Memory Performance in a Delayed Alternation Task by Emma Jones, Corryn McAfee, Cinthya Ramirez Ramirez, Chalé Jacks, and Dr. Julio Ramirez

The central nervous system is capable of remarkable functional reorganization to compensate for possible loss of brain tissue. The entorhinal cortex is the first region to show signs of deterioration in Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by significant memory loss. This study investigates how bilateral lesions of the entorhinal cortex impact rats’ performance in a spatial working memory task and how synaptogenesis might contribute to behavioral recovery. Ablation of the entorhinal cortex disrupts the flow of information throughout the hippocampal formation, as the hippocampus no longer receives its prominent source of input. The Y-maze delayed alternation task was used to measure the rats’ spatial working memory performance. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats received the bilateral entorhinal cortex lesions or a craniotomy, then their memory was subsequently assessed using an acquisition alternation task in the Y-maze. Their performance was evaluated based on the number of total and perseverative errors in the task across a 6 week testing period. A histological stain for acetylcholinesterase indicated the sprouting response from the septodentate pathway to compensate for the absence of the entorhinal cortex’s input into the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. Animals that received bilateral lesions to their entorhinal cortices committed significantly more errors on the delayed alternation task compared to the sham operated group at the end of weeks 1 and 6, highlighting the importance of the entorhinal cortex to spatial working memory. Additionally, there was a significant sprouting response in the dorsal middle molecular layer of the dentate gyrus.

The Effect of Mindsets on Stress and Academic Motivation in College Students by Heidi Meyer and Dr. Lauren Stutts

Stress levels are high in college students in the United States. Growth mindset and stress-as-enhancing mindset interventions offer ways to reduce stress and increase academic motivation, but minimal research has explored the efficacy of these interventions. The present study’s aim was to examine the effect of brief mindset interventions on mindsets, stress, and academic motivation. Participants included 210 undergraduate college students who were randomized to one of four intervention groups: growth mindset (learned that intelligence is malleable), stress mindset (learned that stress is beneficial), synergistic (learned that intelligence is malleable and beneficial), or control (learned about brain functions). Growth mindset, stress-as-enhancing mindset, state stress, and academic motivation were measured pre- and post-intervention. The growth mindset and the synergistic mindset group significantly increased in growth mindset from pre- to post-intervention, and the growth mindset group had significantly higher growth mindset than the stress mindset group and control group post-intervention. Similarly, the stress mindset group and the synergistic group significantly increased in stress-as-enhancing mindset from pre- to post-intervention, and both groups had significantly higher stress-as-enhancing mindset than the growth mindset group and control group post-intervention. All groups significantly decreased in stress and increased in academic motivation from pre- to post-intervention. Our findings suggest that students would benefit from increased access to mindset interventions.

The Effect of Fitspiration on Body Dissatisfaction, Negative Affect, and Exercise Motivation in NCAA Division 1 Athletes and Non-Athletes by Liz Simms and Dr. Lauren Stutts

College women are at an increased risk for body dissatisfaction, and female athletes are at a particular increased risk for disordered eating. Exposure to fitspiration (fitness inspiration) on Instagram is common in college-aged women. Research shows that exposure to fitspiration increases body dissatisfaction and negative affect, but there is minimal research on how exposure to fitspiration impacts athletes compared to non-athletes. The present study’s aim was to examine differences in body dissatisfaction, negative affect, and exercise motivation after exposure to fitspiration content or travel content by athletic status. Participants consisted of 197 women (athletes n = 102; non-athletes n = 95) who were randomized into one of two groups: the fitspiration group viewed fitspiration images, and the control group viewed travel images. Visual analog scales on state body dissatisfaction, negative affect, and exercise motivation were completed pre- and post-exposure for all groups. Regardless of athletic status, body dissatisfaction and negative affect significantly increased in the fitspiration group from pre-exposure to post-exposure. However, athletes had overall significantly lower body dissatisfaction and negative affect than non-athletes. Exercise motivation significantly increased for non-athletes from pre- to post-exposure, but athletes had overall significantly higher exercise motivation than non-athletes. Fitspiration should be consumed with caution due to its negative effects on athletes and non-athletes.

Fitspiration Engagement’s Relationship to Weight/Shape Concerns, Disordered Eating, and Self-Compassion in Women by Kimaya Gracias, Isabella G Pilot, Dr. Lauren Stutts

Fitspiration (fitness inspiration) exposure through Instagram is associated with higher weight/shape concerns and disordered eating; however, minimal research has examined how those variables may vary according to intentionality of engagement with fitspiration. This study’s aim was to examine differences in levels of fitspiration engagement with weight/shape concerns, disordered eating, and self-compassion. The study included 284 female undergraduate students who completed online questionnaires on Instagram use, weight/shape concerns, disordered eating, and self-compassion. Three groups of fitspiration exposure were created: unexposed (neither view or post fitspiration; n = 43), unintentionally exposed (do not intentionally view and/or post fitspiration but report seeing fitspiration content on their Instagram feed; n = 119), and intentionally exposed (individuals who intentionally view and/or post fitspiration; n = 72). Weight/shape concerns, disordered eating, and self-compassion were significantly worse in the intentionally exposed group and unintentionally exposed group compared to the unexposed group. These results suggest that any type of engagement with fitspiration may be problematic and should be limited.

Exploring the Dynamics of Crime Victimization in the United States by Brynn Jones, Lily Korir

Representation of Students in STEM Majors at US Institutions by Andrea Liu, Annabel Lewis, Bethany Phillips

Barriers such as imposter phenomenon, implicit and systemic biases, and stereotype threats often target marginalized students in STEM. We were interested in understanding if a higher education institution’s classification (R1: very high research activity; R2: high research activity; and liberal arts colleges) correlated with representation of non-white students in STEM fields. We randomly selected thirty US institutions for each of the three university types and gathered demographic information from College Factual for the university’s overall undergraduate student body and for Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Math, Computer Science, and Psychology majors. For each institutional classification, we compared average demographic information for each major to the demographics of the institution’s undergraduates. We found for all university types, the Physics major had an underrepresentation of non-white students when compared to the school’s undergraduate demographics. Regardless of school classification, Latinx and Black students were underrepresented in most of the STEM majors examined, while Asian and International students were more likely to be overrepresented. Finally, liberal arts colleges had lower representation of non-white students in all STEM majors except for Computer Science. Overall, regardless of the institution type, non-white students majoring in STEM are generally underrepresented when compared to the undergraduate student body’s overall demographics.

Difference in Salary for Different STEM Fields by Matthew Bernard

Research comparing the salaries of different STEM fields helps individuals make informed career choices based on potential financial benefits. Additionally, this information provides insights for employers and policymakers to address potential pay disparities and promote equitable compensation practices. I asked the question “Is there a difference in starting salary and senior-level salary based on the field of STEM?” I gathered data by searching on indeed.com phrases such as “entry-level biology jobs” and recording the first 25 jobs in four STEM fields: engineering, biology, medicine, and computer science. The results showed that engineering offers the highest salaries at the entry-level, but computer science offers the highest senior salary ceiling. The results reflect that engineering offers the highest salary floor, but computer science offers the ability to make the most money.

Valence-based Biases in Collective Temporal Thought: Role of Framing, Age, & Culture by Barry Yao and Dr. Kristi Multhaup

Recall for January 6th, 2021 US Capitol Events by Charlie Sellers and Dr. Kristi Multhaup

Tracking melanism across the life cycle of monarch butterflies by Ari Berrios, Zoey DeLaney, Megan Mokriski, Lizbeth Velasco, and Dr. Scott Villa

Video Game Avatars and Normative Perception of Minorities by Elizabeth Brubaker

Determining An Optimal Hiking Itinerary using Linear Programming by Huey Li, Lorraine Xu, Noelle Cegielski

Asheville is a popular destination for weekend getaways for residents in North Carolina and especially those in the Davidson. This two hour trip to the Blue Mountain Ridge not only offers historic architecture and a vibrant art scene but also great hiking destinations. Here we created an algorithm that determined an optimized hiking itinerary for a trip to Ashville using linear integer programming. Our goal in this program is to optimize the happiness of the tourists who will be taking these hiking trips. We do this by taking into account how far they want to drive, how many trails they want to cover, and how many hours they want to hike for, and returning an itinerary of trails to follow to accomplish these goals. We also return the estimated amount of calories the full itinerary would burn, as it is important to pack the proper gear and food in order to have sufficient energy to hike for however many hours. By creating a program that does this work for our tourists we are saving them several hours of research and a lot of tough decisions on what hikes to pick! This can further be manipulated and integrated into websites that garner a lot of attention from tourists in order to make it into the public domain. Furthermore, the method we used can be recreated for cities all around the world and the concept we have developed here on a small scale can be turned into an application that runs through the same process internationally.

Synaptic Plasticity of the Crossed Temporodentate Pathway in Intact vs Ovariectomized Female Rats by Jordan Benson, Kierra Marshall

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the world, with postmenopausal women being the most susceptible to developing symptoms. It has been shown that in patients with AD, symptoms likely surface much later than when the brain disease actually begins to progress.
This late onset of symptoms is hypothesized to be caused by the brain’s neuroplastic response to the damage resulting from the disease – the neuroplasticity is thought to mitigate the symptom presentation. This study examines the impact of menopause in neuroplasticity by exploring a model for menopause in ovariectomized rats, focusing on the plasticity of the glutamatergic crossed temporodentate (CTD) pathway and the cholinergic septodentate (SD) pathway after a unilateral entorhinal injury. This study
compared intact female rats who received sham-ovariectomies to ovariectomized female rats (both groups having had either a right-side entorhinal lesion or craniotomy). The brain activity of anesthetized rats was measured via electrophysiological analysis after a 12-day survival period following entorhinal injury. We recorded the CTD neurophysiological responsiveness in all rats. A stimulating electrode was placed in the contralateral intact EC 12 days post lesion and postsynaptic potentials were record in the ipsilateral DG. A NAIK histochemical stain was used in all rats to assess acetylcholinesterase level, which is a marker for SD sprouting. Results indicated that hormones play a role in the neuroplasticity of female rats, but further research is needed to confirm magnitude of impact.

Characterization of CD4+ T-cell subsets with enhanced capacity of survival by Natalie Carr, Noemi Linden

One of the main challenges in finding an HIV cure is viral quiescence in CD4+ T-cells. HIV provirus can infect these cells, integrate itself into the host genome, become latent, and therefore avoid the effects of antiretroviral treatment and the immune response in the people living with HIV. A cure strategy may derive from targeting and killing CD4+ T-cells that harbor intact provirus. To achieve that, it is necessary to investigate which of the subsets of CD4+ T-cells should be targeted and what characteristics allow these cells to evade and proliferate in the face of the immune response. A killing assay simulating in vivo conditions using cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to kill CD4+ T-cells with HIV-specific epitopes has been developed and Cytometry by Time of Flight (CyTOF) was used to capture the populations of cells remaining. Analytical tools such as UMAP and FlowSOM provided insight as to which subsets persisted in the face of CD8+ T-cell mediated cytotoxicity. The killing assay and be further optimized; however, initial experiments suggest a distinction of specific CD4+ T-cell subsets that have enhanced capacity of survival.

Classifying Chest X-Ray Images by Josh Chen, Selina Qian

Optical Pumping by Peter Clark

This experiment examines light absorption by a rubidium gas in magnetic fields.  Specifically, this experiment examines the phenomenon of optical pumping which occurs when valence electrons become stuck in a non-absorbing energy state. We use a resonant RF field to observe when electrons are driven out of the optically pumped state. We also examine Rabi Flopping between adjacent states in real time which occurs right after we switch the RF signal on. Finally, we seek to study changes in energy level structure in high magnetic fields.

Developing Genotyping Assays for nlp-12(ok335) I. and pgp-5(ok856) X. mutant strains of C. elegans by Lucy Clayton, Hale Robinson, Sarah Dilworth

Searching for Cosmogenic Nuclides in Meteorites with Gamma-Ray Coincidence Spectroscopy by Jack Cleveland

This study seeks to confirm the presence of the cosmogenic nuclide Aluminum-26 in two meteorite samples. These samples we placed inside a gamma ray spectrometer with 2 detectors to enable coincidence spectrometry for 12 days each. Some of this data relating to one sample was put into a 1-D and 2-D histogram for analysis. Both show some indications Aluminum-26 may be present, but more data will be needed for confirmation.

Impacts of a Mental Health Disclosure on Desire for Social Distance and Social Coordination by Gianna Colombo

People diagnosed with mental and behavioral health conditions and behavioral health conditions experience unique stigmas due to their concealable nature. Social distance is a common measure used to understand stigma and exclusion behaviors towards people with mental health issues. Social coordination is another possible measure of stigma during a disclosure event. During this study, undergraduate participants (N = 35) engaged with a confederate in a cooperative task while researchers videotaped their interactions to create a behavioral time series using coherence to analyze social coordination. In between rounds of the cooperative task, the confederate disclosed a diagnosis label of either major depression or alcoholism to the participant. The participant also completed social distance measures before and after the disclosure. The present study found a marginal difference in the desire for social distance based on the diagnosis label condition indicating that disclosure of alcoholism may yield greater social distance compared to major depression. Similarly, the data shows a marginal effect of the diagnosis label condition on social coordination. Specifically, participants coordinate more with the confederate post-disclosure of major depression compared to post-disclosure of alcoholism. Results pose implications for the well-being of people with these conditions. Future research should investigate similar concepts using a larger sample size.

Optimal Starting Word for Wordle by Lydia Catterall, Emily Coltharp

In hopes of being able to solve the Sexaginta-quattuordle, or the 64dle, we experiment using Reinforcement Learning to find the optimal starting word for a single Wordle puzzle, and scale it to a 64dle to test its optimality.

Detecting Defects in Printed Circuit Boards by Thatcher Craig, Josh Anecelle

Diffusion Probabilistic Models for Generation of AT-TPC Events by Ethan Cramer, Dr. Michelle Kuchera, Dr. Raghu Ramanujan

This research investigates machine learning methods of Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) for 4D point cloud generation of Active-Target Time Projection Chamber (AT-TPC) events. DPMs are probabilistic generative models for point clouds inspired by non-equilibrium thermodynamics, which exploits the reverse diffusion process to learn about the point distribution (Taylor 2018). The overall goal for this project was to develop a model that can transform noisy events that are recorded in the experiments into clean events that are easier to analyze. We aim to do this by training two models that are trained simultaneously with an added cycle consistency between the models. Cycle consistency, which is often used in generative adversarial networks (GANs) for image-to-image translation, has the goal of learning the mapping between an input image and an output image using a training set of aligned image pairs (Zhu et al. 2017). Currently, the research presented has the DPM 4D point cloud generation complete and hopes to lay the groundwork for a cycle consistent DPM.

Ti:Sapphire Ultrafast Laser by Ethan Cramer

This research focuses on an investigation of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (HUP) using a broadly wavelength-tunable titanium sapphire (Ti:Al2O3 or Ti:sapphire) laser and Kerr-lens mode-locking (KLM) techniques. The $Ti:Al_2O_3$ laser is an ultrafast laser, meaning it produces pulses in the picosecond range and faster. The goal of this experiment is to show a systematic inverse relationship between the length of the pulse in time (Delta tau) and spectral bandwidth in frequency (Delta omega). Thus, a constant product should be observed for Delta tau Delta omega, which is given by the HUP. There are a plethora of applications for the ultrafast Ti:sapphire laser—besides being one of the few ways to investigate the HUP—this technology is used in medical imaging, microscopy, and optical coherence technology. Experimental results, which were found by varying the input pump power from 4.1-5.5 W, showed a constant product, Delta tau Delta omega = 0.53 as the pulse length varied from 25 to 30 femtoseconds.

Growth vs Fixed Mindset by Aidan Dimitriou, Gavin Yohn

The scientific community throughout all areas of STEM over the years has looked to
find ways to increase equality and inclusion for all groups of people. Unfortunately, the STEM community is still not up to standards yet regarding equality and inclusiveness. We postulate that this may be due to the fixed mindsets of both professors and students that can plague a classroom. An individual’s confidence and perspective not only impacts their view on the class, but also how well they do in the class. Using both a fixed and growth mindset syllabus, we intend to see the impact both syllabi have on students and if this impact is enough to affect their mindset on the class at hand. The purpose of this is to evaluate the impact of the growth syllabus and provide a guide for factuality and students to be more growth mindset oriented. This evaluation will help lead us to the main goal of the project which is an inclusive and equal community in the STEM field.

Classifying the Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolates by Catherine DuPuy, Emma Heiderscheit, Virginia Heiser, Dr. Dave Wessner

Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Jaimelee Felipe

Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) is an imaging technique that has many medical applications such as finding where a tumor or cancer is located. MRI was developed from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR). NMR is the interaction of nuclei in an external uniform magnetic field(B-field) which are exposed to radio frequency(RF) waves of a specific resonance frequency. Sequences of resonant RF pulses are used to monitor the behavior of the nuclear magnetic moments in mineral oil. In this poster, we look at work done with NMR through various changing parameters and the applications it has to MRI by using a segmented sample with an applied gradient in order to observe three frequencies for one pulse so that the frequency and position of the wax can be mapped out through measuring the signal.

Does Increasing Protections For Important Biodiversity Sites Help Endangered Species? by Patrick Finnerty

RAB 33 Mode of Action in the C. elegans Epidermis by Grace Semaru, Tate Peterson, Kayleigh Davies, Jack Franklin

It is known that C. Elegans that are null for the rab-6.2 gene have defective skin integrity; however, the biological mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain somewhat unknown. One hypothesis involves glycosylation, the process in which carbohydrates are bonded to a lipid or protein. This sequentially determines a protein’s structure, function, and stability, and appears to specifically affect a cell’s ability to respond to exogenous factors. In order to further investigate rab-6.2’s effect on glycosylation we turn to the rab-33 gene, a gene similar to rab-6.2 also thought to be involved in glycosylation. Only one naturally occurring allele for rab-33 exists, so another rab-33 allele had to be engineered in order to create a mutant rab-33 null worm. These worms have a CRISPR generated stop-in cassette incorporated into their rab-33 gene which halts Rab-33 protein production by establishing stop codons in all three reading frames. Data from our tetramisole experiments suggests that mutant rab-33 null worms have defective skin integrity. By determining that rab-33 null worms have compromised skin integrity, we suggest this gene plays a role in building the epidermis and may be linked to glycosylation. We can use this information to further study the biological mechanisms behind skin integrity in rab-6.2 null worms.

Exploring the interactions between NHR-85 and NHR-25 reveals shared differentially regulated genes by Amanda Fuenzalida, Whitney Jean-Baptiste, Patricia Raudales Calvario

Investigating the Relationship between NHR-25 and EOR-1 in C. elegans by Amanda Fuenzalida, Dr. Debbie Thurtle-Schmidt

Transcription factors (TF) are important regulatory elements that bind to specific sequence motifs, helping inhibit or induce gene expression across the genome. NHR-25 is a TF from the nuclear hormone family that plays a role in vulva and gonad development. EOR-1 is predicted to be a pioneer factor for NHR-25, but little is understood about its binding mechanisms. Previous research revealed ChIP-seq peaks of NHR-25 binding sites. Within these peaks, an enriched GAGA motif suggest EOR-1 binding. This indicates there may be possible interactions between NHR-25 and EOR-1. Here, we show the first steps taken to study this relationship. We used CRISPR/Cas9 homologous recombination to tag EOR-1 with a fluorescent protein (FP). Future goals include using this new worm line of EOR-1 tagged worms and using CUT&RUN to identify whether NHR-25 and EOR-1 are binding in the same regions of the genome.

Quantum Entanglement: Proving Einstein Wrong by Robbie Gaaserud, Dr. Tim Gfroerer

Computer Vision and Japanese Kuzushiji Character Recognition by Ethan George, Chris Feng, Dr. Raghu Ramanujan

Using Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing for Transgenerational Analysis of DNA Methylation Patterns in Brassica rapa by Kamryn Graham, Dr. Debbie Thurtle-Schmidt

Predicting the Outcome of UFC Bouts by Chase Hamelink, Will Cox, Dr. Raghu Ramanujan

Racialization of Diabetes and Obesity by Rayed Hamid, Sydney Harris, Ahtziri Gonzalez, Dr. Mark Barsoum

2023-2023 FIRST Action Team Summary by Alexia Baker, Alinés Lebrón-Torres, Joseph Richards, Kylee Taylor, and Talar Terzian, Dr. Barbara Lom

Characterizing Cuticle Permeability and Structural Integrity Defects in dpy-10;rab-6.2 double mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans by Mary Elizabeth Gabrielle, Dr. Rachid El Bejjani

In C. elegans, the epidermis maintains the structure of the worm and functions as a barrier between the animal and its environment. Permeability-determining (PD) collagens are essential for the impermeability feature of the cuticle and loss of any of these collagens led to enhanced susceptibility to toxins. PD collagens are of interest because they are necessary for cuticle impermeability and structural integrity, which intersects with our knowledge of rab-6.2, known to be responsible for transport in the Golgi and important for the structural integrity of the cuticle. To understand how rab-6.2 impacts the transport of PD collagens like dpy-10, we designed a genetic cross that would yield our goal genotype, C. elegans that are homozygous recessive for both the ok2254 deletion in rab-6.2 and a defect in dpy-10 (cn64). After ensuring the genetic presence of both cuticle defects by genotyping, I measured permeability to tetramisole, a paralyzing agent, using a behavioral assay. Differences in the amount of time for worms of different genotypes to paralyze were measured and a paralysis curve was generated. Then, imaging using Hoechst staining and DiI florescent staining was conducted to detect any structural defects in C. elegans with both dpy-10 and rab-6.2 mutations compared to C. elegans with only one of those mutations.

Developing Davidson with Multiple Integer Non-Linear Optimization by Kase Harris, Gilbert Deglau, Hala Abualtayeb, Dr. Laurie Heyer

Davidson College owns roughly 200 acres of undeveloped land located behind the soccer field and Armfield apartments. The goal of our project is to determine the best way to develop a portion (16.25 acres) of the land. We are using 3 different types of properties in our development, commercial real estate, tiny homes for student housing, and traditional homes leased to faculty at a discounted rate. We consider national greenspace requirements along with local zoning requirements and restrictions when making our calculations. We also consider addition greenspace that the community would benefit from in addition to required minimums. We envision the commercial real estate portion of the development as a social district, possibly containing restaurants, cafes and more. However, we will not model based on the potential profits these business will make, we are focused on the rent received from the real estate.

Inulin: The Sweet Solution to Immune Imbalance in Mice by Kaitlyn Lazorchak, Baoqi He, Srushti Vyas, Dr. Sophia Sarafova

Our Place In The World — CSC 362 Final by Sidney Knowles, Wren Healy, Dr. Tabitha Peck

Isolating and Characterizing the Host Range of Bacteriophage in Davidson, NC by Emma Heiderscheit, Virginia Heiser, Catherine Dupuy, and Dr. Dave Wessner

As fears continue to grow around the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and “superbugs,” we have investigated bacteriophage as a viable and potentially more effective solution to cure infection. Although the therapeutic use of bacteriophage was explored extensively during the 1950s in Soviet-era Russia, it has most recently gained Western popularity as a potential treatment option. Though bacteriophage’s specificity of hosts often allows them to kill one malevolent bacterial target without further detriment to the microbiota, this same specificity makes it extremely difficult to achieve phage therapy on the same scale as antibiotic treatment, which tends to indiscriminately kill bacteria. Many bacteriophages are known to only infect a few strains of bacteria, permitting a limited range of treatment, and lessening its practical application. The discovery of phage with broad host ranges can allow for more efficient, widespread application of phage therapy. Currently, we have isolated several bacteriophage strains that appear to infect multiple natural (environmental) isolates of E. coli. Thus far, we have successfully isolated several bacteriophages, characterized their host range, and examined their efficiency of plating.

Optimizing Grocery Lists Based on Macro Nutrition Requirements by Hien Tran, Duc-Anh Hoang, Charis Qi, Dr. Laurie Heyer

In this study, we developed a versatile and cost-effective mathematical model to optimize grocery lists based on individual macro nutrition requirements. We collected a preliminary dataset consisting of prices and nutritional values of grocery items from Davidson’s Harris Teeter and validated our dataset against the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies to ensure accuracy and generalizability. Our approach involved creating two distinct mathematical models that employed linear optimization to tailor the grocery list according to different nutritional requirements and personal preferences. The first model optimized cost within the constraints of an individual’s daily nutrient intake based on their BMI index. This model acts as a verification for the validity of the data compared to real-world scenarios. The second model incorporated individual preferences for each grocery item, maximizing satisfaction while minimizing cost within the nutritional constraints. These models offer a practical solution to generate tailored and cost-effective grocery lists, catering to unique dietary needs and preferences.

A noun or a verb? How do adults interpret ambiguous silent gestures? by Zoe Hommerich, Dr. Molly Flaherty

Goat Talk? A Mathematical Modeling Approach to Analyzing the Greatest College Sports Coach of all Time by Taylor Hopkin, Jack Cook, Allen Zhang, Bob McKillop, Dr. Laurie Heyer

This study considers the general topic of sports analytics and specifically investigates how winning percentage, longevity, and championships won can be used to determine the best coach across all college sports. The central problem addressed by this research is the subjective nature of determining the best coach of all time, which often leads to debates and arguments. Previous discourse has shown that there are a few coaches that are frequently mentioned in these debates, but the subjective nature of these discussions has made it difficult to determine an objective answer. The main purpose of this research is to create an algorithm that takes into account various statistics across different eras to determine the best coach of all time. To rank coaches, each coach was given a Z-score for their statistics relative to onlytheir own sport, then these were total with acrossmany different weighting of each to produce an overall coach rating. The results show that Anson Dorrance of UNC’s women’s soccer is the best college coach of all time with an all-time win percentage of .86 and 22 national championships won after coaching for 42 years. This study’s significance lies in its objective approach to a subjective topic and the development of an algorithm that can be used across different sports and eras to determine the best coach of all time.

Earth’s Field NMR by Will Hopkins, Dr. Tim Gfroerer

Earth’s Field NMR is an experiment that isolates Earth’s magnetic field in order to observe and study the precession and other characteristics of nuclear magnetic resonance affected nuclei. This can be used to study effects such as Larmor Precession, spin-lattice relaxation, Curie’s law, the effect of added gradients on magnetic moments, spin echo, spin-spin coupling, and quantitative splitting [2]. My study was conducted over a series of weeks using the apparatus shown in the ‘Experimental Setup’ section. This experiment was done outdoors in order to be the furthest removed from possible unwanted external magnetic fields. All remaining contributing fields, except for the Earth’s, were cancelled out by an added gradient.

Effect of eor-1 deletion on the binding of NHR-25 in C. elegans by Olivia Howard, Dr. Debbie Thurtle-Schmidt

Predicting Crime Reporting Using the 2020 National Crime Victimization Survey by Kyra Dalbo, Henry Ding, Ian Hall, Oma Hameed, Richard Hu, Lily Korir, Dr. Laurie Heyer, Dr. Raghu Ramanujan

Contract Year Phenomenon in the NBA by Grant Huffman, Dr. Shyam Gouri Suresh

The goal of this paper is to find what the main factors are that effect and NBA player’s PER. PER is a statistic in basketball that is an accurate indicator of how well a player is playing. Although there are intangibles in a game that don’t show up on a stat sheet, PER is the best statistic to determine overall the quantity in which a player effects the game. Many basketball fans turn to twitter or other basketball analysists to find reason as to why players are hot or in a slump. The hope for this model is to create empirical evidence that explains those ups and downs. Data from the NBA seasons of 2019, 2020, and 2021 are used in this analysis. All players were randomly selected from their groups given their contract status. Our results suggest that free agency does not have a statistically significant effect on a player’s PER, even after controlling for player age, height, race, and salary. These findings have important implications for teams and players who are making decisions about free agency, and suggest that other factors, such as team chemistry coaching, and work ethic may be more important determinants of a player’s performance.

Recognizing ASL Signs Using Machine Learning by Katherine Hu, Dr. Raghu Ramanujan

Optimizing CUT and TAG to C. elegans to investigate the impact of the nhr-25(ku217) point mutation to the transcription factor and DNA recognition process by Belle Ange Itetere, Dr. Debbie Thurtle-Schmidt

Mutations in TFs, specifically in the DNA binding domain, are common disease variants,
impairing TF function. Yet how individual mutations in the TF protein sequence affect DNA
binding recognition is poorly understood especially in the in vivo, cellular context. NHR-25 is an excellent model to determine the impact of point mutations on TF function as mutations in the DNA binding domain of the human ortholog show a range of phenotypes in humans including XY sex reversal and XX ovarian failure. The well-studied nhr-25(ku217) mutant, which has a single leucine to phenylalanine mutation in the DNA binding domain, exhibits phenotypes consistent with nhr-25 defects, but must be partly functional as the mutant can be maintained asa homozygote, whereas deletion of nhr-25 is lethal. Additionally, Chen et al. showed that in gel shift assays this mutation abolishes NHR-25-DNA binding in vitro to the presumed response element (2004). To determine the impact of this mutation on transcription, we performed RNA-seq in L3 worms in nhr-25(ku217), nhr-25(RNAi), and wild-type worms. Differential expression revealed a core set of genes showing altered expression in both the nhr-25(ku217) mutant and those worms in which nhr-25 is knocked down by RNAi. Additionally, a subset of genes also showed differential regulation, primarily upregulation, specific to the nhr-25(ku217) mutant. This result suggests that the point mutant still regulates a subset of genes and possibly exhibits neomorphic activity, binding to a novel response element. To determine binding of the point mutant, we are optimizing CUT&Tag for C. elegans. Preliminary results on wild-type, endogenously-tagged NHR-25 resulted in successful recovery of chromatin from L1 and L3 worms, allowing rapid whole-genome profiling of transcription factors from low numbers of C. elegans. We are now poised to endogenously tag the nhr-25(ku217) allele to perform CUT&Tag on the mutant allele. By profiling the binding of a mutated transcription factor we can determine how a single nucleotide polymorphism alters TF function.

Investigating the role of serotonergic signaling in retinal ganglion cell axon growth by Petros Basakis

Evaluating Methodology for Waterpipe Tobacco Flavor Toxicity Experimentation by Airen Ellis, Matteo Mallino, Dr. Karen Bernd

Physics Gravity Race by Julia Bauer, Peter Clark, Ethan Cramer, Jaimelee Felipe, Robert Gaaserud, William Hopkins, Preston Ito, Jack Lyons, Ari Maki, Talar Terzian

The Lula Bell’s Project by DuBose Tuller, Natalie Bivens, Baoqi He

The Lula Bell’s Resource Center provides academic and life resources to Davidson College students. The current textbook rental process at Lula Bell’s is redundant and labor-intensive: students fill out an academic resource request form on WildcatSync, which is manually tracked by Lula Bell’s staff. Lula Bell’s collaborates with the college bookstore to provide up to one free copy of each book each semester. The staff evaluates whether Lula Bell’s owns the item, and if not, they can request a copy from the Davidson College Store. Otherwise, they decide whether to purchase the item on a case-by-case basis. To automate part of the process, we improved the student request form and developed a program that categorizes each requested item based on where the staff can obtain it: (1) already available at Lula Bell’s, (2) to be picked up from the college bookstore, (3) to be purchased, and (4) tools/other items, such as calculators or lab coats. For each requested item, this program indicates: (1) the basic information about the item, (2) where to obtain the item, and (3) which student will receive the item. We successfully automated the process of sorting the requested items for the Lula Bell’s team, which saves time and effort by making the fulfillment process less tedious.

Comparing campus diversity of undergrad institutions attend by current Davidson College Biology faculty members by Zahir Hernandez

This study examined the diversity of the student body undergraduate institutions attended by Biology professors at Davidson College compared to the diversity of Davidson College itself. In this study I examined the student body diversity of undergraduate institutions attended by Davidson College Biology faculty members and compared it to the diversity of the Davidson College student body. Percentages were calculated by adding the percentages of reported diversity from each institution. The categories consisted of BAA = (Black or African American), HL = (Hispanic or Latino), NRA = (Non-resident), A = (Asian), TM = (Two or more races), and AIAN = (American Indian or Alaska Native). Diversity percentages were compared to the Davidson diversity. I compared diversity data from 2012 and 2020 as samples because diversity data from when professors attended undergraduate were not readily available. In this study I found that for most institutions attended by Davidson Biology faculty members the campus diversity was higher than Davidson’s diversity at the time. Most colleges attended by professors experienced an overall increase in student body diversity from 2012 – 2020. Looking at this growth and comparing it to Davidson College I found that these institutions still had higher student body diversity. Davidson College is committed to diversity, equity, and inclusion, and has made strides to increase representation of underrepresented groups on campus. This being said, I was interested in seeing if Davidson College’s commitment to diversity extended to the educational backgrounds of its biology faculty members as a more diverse undergraduate institution would offer more diverse perspectives and experiences.

Predicting Career Outcomes Using Machine Learning by Duc-Anh Hoang, Lily Korir

Self-Identification Preferences in Black/African-American Individuals by Jordyn Scott

ALPhA: Point Cloud Voxel Reconstruction using ML by Preston Ito, Dr. Michelle Kuchera, Dr. Raghu Ramanujan

Observing Zeeman Effect in Rb Saturated Spectroscopy by Preston Ito, Dr. Tim Gfroerer

NBA Player Point Predictor by Eddie Shores, Kaedon Jenkins

The Impact of Contingent Cocaine on the Reinforcing Efficacy of Social Contact in Rats by Alexandra Johansen

Solving Graham’s Game of Tic-Tac-Toe by Paige Johnson, Josh Anecelle

Shortest Paths Around Davidson’s Campus by Brynn Jones, Ethan George, Kate Carnevale

This experiment presents a study on finding the quickest routes around Davidson College’s campus. The study uses data collected by measuring different segments on the paths around campus. We marked intersections of paths as our nodes and their edges as weights to create an adjacency matrix. Our model is based on the Floyd-Warshall algorithm, which solves the all pairs shortest path problem. We reconstructed the algorithm to not only show us the shortest path from point A to point B, but also to show us the steps in between. Our model returns the entire shortest route from point A to point B, labeled for anyone familiar with Davidson’s campus to easily understand the directions. The results of this study demonstrate that there are certain paths that are more efficient to take while navigating campus.

Hydrokart Development by Mallory Justis, Branner D’Amato, Pat Kielb

The purpose of this independent study is to learn about the applications of hydrogen- fuel through the development of a hydrogen fuel cell powered go-kart and to gain experience with hands-on engineering, including electrical and mechanical engineering skills. The final product is a working electric go-kart with a safe charging system for Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries and a smaller model go-kart with a battery charged by a hydrogen fuel cell. The smaller go-kart models how the larger go-kart could be charged with a hydrogen fuel cell if we had access to a larger fuel cell. Key ideas from the project include the applications and limitations of hydrogen fuel, efficiencies and advantages of different battery types, and electrical and mechanical engineering applications to charging systems and electric vehicles.

Diversity in STEM by Emily Paton, Malavika Kalani

ScBor1 Gate Domain Resistant to Dimer Breakage by Hana Kamran, Sophia Caruso

ScBor1p is a protein that shares homology with the SLC4 transporter family, also known as the bicarbonate transporter family. The archetypal protein for this group is AE1 (Anion Exchanger 1) in human red blood cells and in the distal nephron of the kidney¹. Mutations in AE1 can cause renal tubular acidosis as well as a variety of hemolytic red blood cell disorders. Proteins within the SLC4 family share sequence and structural homology with ScBor1p as they both dimerize via a conserved, centralized gate domain². Due to this homology, ScBor1p, is an ideal candidate for characterizing the relationship between dimerization state and transporter function. Understanding the relationship between dimerization state and function can shed light on the protein family as a whole and create the groundwork for therapeutics. We generated bulky amino acid substitutions in the gate domain to disrupt the dimer interface and determined dimerization state through cross linking. Our results demonstrate that the protein’s oligomeric state is remarkably resistant to the effect of mutations, even while expression is reduced, and that both the WT and mutant proteins have increased dimer presence in phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipid compared to phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipids.

Predicting Popularity: A Social Media Experiment by Hannah Kanjian, Bryce Anthony

Investigating State Education Spending’s Influence on Graduation Rates by Michael Katsock

This paper investigates state-level data for all 50 states in the United States in the years 2018 and 2019 to decipher the influence of educational spending per student on high school graduation rate. The study will control for median household wealth, income inequality, average teacher salary, violent crime rates, and student-teacher ratio. The goal is to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the variables that affect graduation rates. Ultimately, I wish to discover how targeted policy can improve educational outcomes. The result from our chosen model do not definitively show that higher Spending per Student raises Graduation Rates, as the result is not statistically significant. Further testing will be needed to truly tease out causality.

How Climate Change has affected precipitation in the United States? by Aidan Keeley-Cain, Will Towle

Building A Supreme Uno Bot by Tavie Kittredge, Josh Chen

Predicting Stock Prices From News Headlines with Machine Learning by Sidney Knowles, Miles Kominsky

Response to Pre-Operative Neuroma Injections as a Predictor of Targeted Muscle Reinnervation Outcomes by Katherine Kosoff

Leduc Hold’ Em Poker Bot by Edward Shores, Christos Koumpotis

Characterizing the roles of CG43321 and CG5755 in mitochondrial shaping during D. melanogaster spermatogenesis by Steffen Kulp, Dr. Karen Hales

Drosophila melanogaster are excellent models for understanding mitochondrial dynamics due to their clear stages of spermatid development. Here, I investigated two genes suspected to be involved in mitochondrial morphological changes. Using the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU), the organelle can regulate the influx of calcium during fission and fusion events. CG43321, a paralog of EMRE whose product acts as scaffolding for the MCU, may have a similar role. So, CRISPR-Cas9 targeted mutagenesis was conducted on the gene to determine if mitochondrial dysfunction would occur. Crosses between injected flies and a deficiency strain produced a stock of homozygous mutants. Upon dissecting the mutants and sequencing the target gene, it was found that spermatogenesis functioned normally, even with successful mutation. This suggests that the gene may not be as essential to the MCU, possibly being overshadowed by EMRE’s similar role. I also investigated CG5755, a gene related to the human solute carrier SLC25A46 which suggests that it too is involved in parts of mitochondrial dynamics. To determine if the protein product localizes to the mitochondria or along the entire flagellum, a transgene was created that attached green fluorescent protein (GFP) to CG5755 to assess its localization. Knon homozygous mutants were crossed in to determine this since they present abnormal clumps during mitochondrial elongation which would fluoresce if mitochondria localization occurs. Due to previous errors involving phenotype selection, crosses between knon/CyO;efzo/eTM3,Sb and Kr/CyO;CG5755-GFP/CG5755-GFP have been restarted to ensure knon is present in the target offspring.

The Influence of Temperature on Happiness by Connor Leach

Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression to Explore Insulating Mechanisms in C.elegans by Alinés Lebrón-Torres, Dr. Debbie Thurtle-Schimdt

Germination Impediments and Requirements in the Sister Species Chamaecrista fasciculata
and Chamaecrista nictitans by Annabel Lewis, Alexis Lopez, Alex Meyers

NHR-234 Regulates Immune Response in Caenorhabditis elegans by Konstantina Akritidou, Cate DuPuy, Xiaoyan Li, Dr. Debbie Thurtle-Schimdt

Nuclear Hormone Receptors, transcription factors that regulate metabolism and development, are extremely prevalent in Caenorhabditis elegans1. Little is known about one such gene, nhr-234, whose human ortholog (NR2F6) suppresses anti-cancer immune responses2. To gain insight into the potential immune functions of nhr-234, we investigated what genes NHR-234 regulates and what effect its disruption has on expression. We gathered RNA-sequencing data from three nhr-234(gk865)3 and wildtype worms, harvested at the L3 stage, before conducting differential expression and WormBase gene ontology enrichment analysis to identify and categorize the functional gene groups regulated by NHR-234. We identified 67 downregulated and 30 upregulated genes in the mutants (p<0.05), specifically focusing on those involved in immunity and defense. Eight defense-associated genes with important human orthologs were identified as downregulated in the mutant individuals. Future studies should investigate the specific mechanisms of NHR-234 in order to understand its relevance in immune function.

Linear Programming for Meal Optimization at Commons by Donald Lin, Jack McCalpin, Parker McNamara

In this project, we focus on helping Davidson College students achieve their nutritional goals by analyzing the food options available at Commons. Our aim is to evaluate the satisfaction levels of individuals with the meals they consume by analyzing user input to determine the average rating of Commons’ meals. With this information, we hope to provide insights that will help improve the quality and diversity of the food options available at Commons. Our goal is to help students make informed choices when selecting their meals to ensure that they meet their nutritional requirements for calories and various macronutrients and micronutrients.

Visualizing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on K-12 Education Around the World by Madeline Fitzgerald, Andrea Liu

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide PDMS Vitrimers by Feiyang Liu

Vitrimers are a type of cross-linked polymer networks that are inherently reprocessable due to the presence of dynamic covalent bonds. Enhancing mechanical strength through additives (known as composite materials) without sacrificing bond exchange ability and reprocessability is a difficult problem to solve in order to match industrial standards. In this study, we aim to synthesize and optimize the reprocessing capabilities of a zinc oxide vitrimer composite in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) network. We hypothesize that zinc oxide will enhance both the short and long-term reprocessing capabilities of ZnO PDMS vitrimers by acting as a catalyst to the dynamic transesterification reaction embedded within the network. We used a simple and high-yield-rate light-initiated thiol-ene reaction to synthesize the vitrimer with the addition of different amounts of zinc oxide nanoparticles Rheological techniques were then performed to study the thermomechanical properties of these materials. Through characterization, it is concluded that zinc oxide is working as a catalyst in the reaction, and the material displays an increase in relaxation time under constant strain.

Single Photon Interference by Jack Lyons

This experiment concerns the quantum mechanical properties of a single photon. Namely, we are investigating the ability for a photon to interfere with itself. The way this experiment is structured also allows for an investigation of this process from a quantum mechanical lens as well as a classical mechanical one. This is done by manipulating one of the instruments, the quantum eraser. Quantum mechanically, the photon is able to interfere with itself when there is a difference in path length between its two states. When there is this difference in distance traveled between the different propagations of the photon states, then there will be a resultant interferogram. Without the quantum eraser this interferogram vanishes to demonstrate no interference pattern. In the end, this experiment arrives at similar conclusions to the classic Young’s double-slit experiment which demonstrates the same interference phenomena.

Light-Mediated Material Reshaping: UV Dependent Vitrimer Relaxation by Daniel Maddy

Polymers play an integral role in our daily lives: they make up the plastic cups we drink from, the tires we drive on, and some of the clothes we wear. As the environmental impacts of polymer overproduction become clearer, demand for recyclable, durable materials has increased. Vitrimers, a class of polymers, combine the recyclability of plastics with the toughness of rubbers. A base, TBD, can facilitate the bond exchange that makes vitrimers powerful, but is easily oxidized and thus its abilities degrade with atmospheric exposure. Alongside TBD, the network contains a diene crosslinker, which is part of the dynamic covalent bonds between thiol and -ene functional groups; a photoactive compound that further eases the dissociation of the photocage; and a photoinitiator for polymerization. This work presents experimental findings on light-activated TBD, clearing the path for spatial and temporal control over a vitrimer’s stress relaxation. Photolatent TBD (TBD-B(Ph)4) was synthesized in-lab and was incorporated into a 13-17% poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-propylthiol) (PDMS) co-polymer crosslinked with divinyl tetramethyl siloxane (DVTMS). The material was characterized by rheology, which applies a shear force and measures the material’s relaxation over time at a given temperature. We compare the relaxation of an activated and unactivated system using rheology, where the activated system has had TBD released by UV light, and the unactivated system has not had TBD released. Preliminary data shows photolatent-TBD activation decreases its relaxation time, indicating that more thorough synthesis, characterization methods, and other investigation is warranted to expand the use of this kind of photosystem.

2-Photon Absorption and Fine Structure is Cesium by Ari Maki

We measure the transition energy of excited states of cesium and compare calculated values of binding energy to theoretical predictions. We vaporize cesium using a low pressure ‘heat pipe’ at temperatures above 300℃. A pulsed laser is varied across precise wavelengths, and an ionization signal is detected when the laser is resonant with 2 photon transition energies. We can use this signal to find the electron excitation energy, and measure the magnitude of fine structure splitting of cesium. Using this transition energy and previous publications, we are able to compute binding energy and compare these results to quantum mechanical calculations. We then measured the ionization signal dependence on laser power and compared to theoretical calculations.

Life Stages of Root Nodulation in Chamaecrista fasciculata by Wren Marks, Beau Eyer

This research documents our attempts at defining the life stages of root nodulation in Chamaecrista fasciculata, and our findings that plants treated with rhizobium seem to have a greater ratio of belowground biomass to above ground biomass when compared to non-inoculated control plants.

The Effects of Rhizobia on Plant Biomass in Chamaecrista Fasciculata by Wren Marks, Beau Eyer, Dr. Susana Wadgymar

Patterns of Extrafloral Nectar Production in Chamaecrista fasciculata by Maddie Marquardt, Jordan Reed, Dr. Susana M. Wadgymar,

nhr-85 Knockout in C. elegans Results in Differential Expression of Genes Implicated in Liver Cirrhosis by Alexis McDonnell, Nika Arnold, Baoqi He, Dr. Debbie Thurtle-Schimdt

NHR-85 is a nuclear hormone receptor in C. elegans involved in DNA binding and hormone regulation. Its human ortholog nr1d1 is implicated in human diseases such as liver cirrhosis. Circadian rhythm governs many genes expressed in C. elegans intestine and the human liver, including nr1d1. Here, we explore whether nhr-85 knockout disrupts expression of C. elegans genes linked to circadian rhythm and intestine function. Analysis of RNA-seq data of wildtype and nhr-85(ok2051) RNA and gene ontology analysis revealed that a large proportion of differentially expressed rhythmic genes are expressed in the C. elegans intestine, a potential model for the human liver.

Deconstruction of Racial Assumptions in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by Taw Meh, Jaden Hardrick, Nyja Quash, and Natalie Carr

Stereotype Threat in STEM: Bringing Awareness to The Classroom by Jenna Menetrier

Stereotype threat is a pervasive issue in the STEM field, affecting academic and professional opportunities. These issues can manifest in the classroom, leading to disparities in academic achievement, self-esteem, and confidence between genders. Therefore, it is crucial for educators to understand how stereotype threat operates in the classroom and take steps to mitigate the negative impacts. This abstract highlights the importance of understanding stereotype threat in the classroom, emphasizing the need for teachers to create an inclusive and supportive learning environment that promotes equity and diversity. By identifying and addressing these issues, educators can help to ensure that all students have equal opportunities for academic success and personal growth.

NCE Is Required for CD4 Upregulation but Does Not Require Th-Pok by Isabelle Meyers, Sheridan Page, Dr. Sophia Sarafova

CD4+ helper T cells are responsible for coordinating the adaptive immune response through activation of B cells and CD8+ killer T cells. Developing thymocytes, which express both CD4 and CD8, must make a lineage decision to become either CD4 or CD8 T cells. To make this decision, upon receiving a signal via their TCR, double positive (DP) thymocytes downregulate CD8, becoming CD4+CD8lo intermediate stage (INT) thymocytes. TCR signal persistence results in upregulation of Cd4, while cessation causes silencing of Cd4 and re-expression of Cd8. Our lab has focused on how Cd4 upregulation is controlled as cells transition from DP to INT and CD4+ T cells. We have identified a novel cis-regulatory element (NCE) within Cd4 that acts as an enhancer for Cd4 expression in RLM11 mouse thymoma cells arrested INT developmental stage, but not in AKR1G1 mouse thymoma cells arrested in the DP stage. We demonstrate that deletion of NCE in RLM11 cells decreases CD4 expression, while deleting NCE in AKR1G1 does not. To verify that the lower steady state CD4 levels are due to reduced gene expression, we compared the kinetics of CD4 expression in wildtype and NCE-deleted RLM and AKR cells to discover that the rate of expression is only affected in RLM11 cells. NCE contains a binding site for the zinc finger transcription factor Th-Pok, the master regulator transcription factor for the CD4 lineage. By transiently transfecting Th-Pok into RLM11 cells, we determined that Th-Pok is not required for the transcriptional upregulation of Cd4 via NCE.

Renewable Energy in the U.S. by Lillian Milano, Natalie Bivens

Assessing standing phenotypic variation in a captive colony of migratory monarch butterflies by Megan Mokriski, Zoey Delaney, Ari Berrios, Lizbeth Velasco, Scott Villa

Racism in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Analyzing Contraceptive Access, Abortion, and Maternal Outcomes Among Women of Color by Julie Moock, Cathy Diop, Mia Greeson, Adelaide Fuller

Climate Change And The Global Economy by Huy Nguyen, Andrew Denny

This poster presents a data visualization project that explores the complex relationship between climate change, global warming, and the global economy. Using various data sources and visualization techniques, the project aims to illustrate how these interconnected phenomena affect each other and how they impact different regions of the world. The poster showcases a range of visualizations, including maps, charts, and graphs, that provide insight into key factors such as carbon emissions, temperature changes, and economic indicators. Through this project, we hope to promote greater awareness and understanding of the urgent need for action to address climate change and its far-reaching consequences.

Predicting Skin Cancer with Machine Learning Algorithms by Huy Nguyen, Kishan Vyas

Skin cancer is a widespread and potentially fatal disease that affects millions worldwide, and early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Recent advances in machine learning and computer vision techniques have shown promise in aiding the diagnosis of skin cancer through the analysis of images. This research project aims to explore the use of machine learning algorithms in identifying skin lesions and diagnosing skin cancer using various image datasets, with a focus on the HAM10000 dataset. The study involves preprocessing images, building and training convolutional neural network models, and evaluating their accuracy and generalizability. The objective of our study is to contribute to the development of more accurate and efficient methods for the early detection and diagnosis of skin cancer, ultimately saving lives.

What Makes Up US(A) by Chinedu Okeke, Kaedon Jenkins

Is It You or the School? An exploration of college completion rates by Pauline Cha, Akua Owusu

Exploring the Impact of Stereotypes on Asian Americans’ Imposter Phenomenon and Self-Efficacy in STEM, with a Focus on Physics by SJ Pak, Blake Barron

Stereotypes have a significant impact on the Asian American community, resulting in imposter phenomenon and poor self-efficacy in STEM fields, particularly physics. Asian Americans are often stereotyped as “model minorities”, with an inherent aptitude for mathematics and science which creates pressure and high expectations for individuals in this community to excel in these areas. Despite their individual skill and effort, Asian Americans are often assumed to have succeeded solely because of their race, which negates the hard work they put in to achieve their goals. This assumption also perpetuates harmful stereotypes and ignores the systemic barriers that many Asian Americans face in education and employment.These dynamics can lead to imposter phenomenon, which is when individuals experience feelings of self-doubt and inadequacy, even in their accomplishments. These stereotypes can be damaging to self-efficacy, leading to a lack of interest or confidence in pursuing careers in these areas. To address this issue, it is necessary to challenge the notion that success in these areas is solely dependent on innate ability. In our project, we will discuss how methods such as encouraging mentorship, moving assessments away from timed, high stakes tests, and recognizing diversity can improve this detrimental pattern.

Physics 101: A Model for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Education in STEM by Emily Paton, Hugh Perry, Talar Terzian, Julia Bauer, and Kassidy Liggins

As a field that relies on interactions between people, physics is subject to the same bias, inequity, and injustice, as the rest of society. Therefore, education, initiative, and synthesis are essential to deconstruct the discipline’s foundational marginalization. While there are many existing models for how to address diversity, equity, and inclusion models in undergraduate settings, Davidson College’s Physics 101 course: Removing Barriers in Physics and Astronomy has a unique, new design in physics education. This semester-long course addresses the need to foster diversity in physics and STEM classrooms and professions by exploring the historical and present barriers in physics to the inclusion of marginalized individuals, as well as addresses solutions to remove these barriers. This is done by an array of article readings, classroom discussions, and independent or small group exploration into topics of curiosity. Here we unpack the motivations of this course, analyze the structure and methodology of teaching, and finally assess the impact and applications of the class by interviewing those both in the course and the surrounding physics department.

Recent Groundwater Levels and Precipitation Trends in the NC Piedmont: Trends and Timing of Groundwater Recharge and Precipitation as Indicators of Environmental Change by Isabel Morichi, Dr. Dr. LeeAnna Chapman

Water levels in ten USGS monitoring wells from spring to fall of 2022 were measured to compare with historical data from 2001-2013 to assess whether there were statistically significant water level changes over time. There are six well clusters organized by depth (shallow, intermediate and deep) that are located at the Langtree Peninsula Research Station (LPRS) at Davidson College’s Lake Campus. Groundwater data from two additional sites, Redlair and Reedy Creek, was also used in a comparison with precipitation data to analyze the timing of recharge rates. Precipitation trends were analyzed to determine the relationship between maximum precipitation events and the timing of recharge. Seasonal trends have historically led to higher ground water levels in the spring and lower levels in the fall due to traditionally higher levels of precipitation in the winter months; recharge more likely occurs in the late spring. However, at the LPRS in the last 15 years, deep wells experienced an overall decrease, whereas shallow and intermediate wells experienced an overall increase. Well depth throughout the three groundwater study sites did not affect the timing of groundwater recharge. Only two precipitation sites experienced a drying trend in their study periods, while the rest saw an increase. With continually increasing stress on groundwater resources in the region due to growing populations and dwindling freshwater resources, changes in ground water levels and precipitation trends in the region will be important to consider when evaluating groundwater recharge rates and whether they should be relied upon as a freshwater source.

Individualized HIV Care: At the Collaboration of Humanizing Protocol and Adaptive Relationships by Shreya Sharma, Nora Sjue, and Dr. Jessica Worl

Evidence-based medicine and individualized care lie at the ends of a spectrum which documents the shift from focusing on the physical to the holistic health of a patient. For HIV-positive clients, humanizing and appropriate care lies at the individualized end of this spectrum of care. At Buikwe Health Center III in south central Uganda and Nala Community Hospital’s Comprehensive Care Center in eastern Kenya, we conducted grounded, ethnographic research guided by the experiences of HIV clinicians. We were able to devise a model that describes how care can transform from evidenced-based measures to individualized approaches. Our paper describes the model in depth and how we observed our model in action in the aforementioned clinics. Our model stipulates that this transformation is achieved through the combination of humanizing protocol and adaptive relationships between client and clinician. Humanizing protocol is founded on evidence-based measures that center accessibility, support, and appropriate treatment for the client. These protocols ensure that the client’s physical health needs are being treated while also creating the opportunity to form adaptive relationships. Adaptive relationships arise when clinicians use the humanizing protocol along with reciprocal trust to understand the client’s holistic needs and adapt their care to meet them. The path towards individualized care in HIV clinics comes from equal emphasis on refining protocol to humanize treatment and forming adaptive relationships between clinician and client.

The Great Replacement Theory in the 2022 Midterm Elections: An Examination of Republican Senatorial Nominees’ Online Rhetoric by Christian Bjorn Peterson and Dr. Susan Roberts

Since the publication of the Great Replacement Theory’s foundational text in 2011, the conspiracy has spread to countries across the world, developing well-established links with illiberal policies, discriminatory tendencies, violence, and abortion access restriction. Recent polls have demonstrated a high level of support for the central tenets of the Great Replacement Theory among the American public. This study attempts to determine if rhetoric related to this conspiracy was present in the 2022 midterm election cycle by examining the Twitter history of its 34 Republican senatorial candidates. This research indicates such rhetoric was noticeably present and that this conspiracy has adopted several uniform traits to fit the context of American politics. This study is intended to inspire other researchers to further explore the growing role of the Great Replacement Theory in American political rhetoric.

Campus and Interpersonal Supports Predict College Students’ Academic Performance, Motivation, and Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Isabella Brady, Emma Anglin, and Dr. Catherine Bagwell

Higher Education Experiences of Asian American Students at Liberal Arts Institutions: The Model Minority Myth and Affirmative Action by Christine Ahn

Systems of Support​: A Survey Measuring the Sources of Support for Students at Davidson​ by Georgia Weekes, Franny Shea, Courtney Baehr

Analyzing the Real Estate Market: Are United States’ Home Values Impacted by Changes in Price Levels? by Genna Barge, Dr. Shyam Gouri Suresh – ECO 205

Does racial bias exist in the current North Carolina mortgage lending market? by Quinn Bellone, Dr. Shyam Gouri Suresh

The Effect of Minimum Wage on Income Inequality at the State Level by Jack Bogan

Recently, states have raised their minimum wage to combat income inequality between minimum wage workers and the rich. This paper uses panel data from the 50 states in the United States of America in the years 2016 and 2017. This paper also analyzes and attempts to isolate the effect of minimum wage on income inequality to determine if increasing minimum wage does indeed lower income inequality. I propose that increasing the minimum wage decreases inequality, but not as much as states believe it may. With the help of previous literature and the estimation of my own model, I show that the relationship between minimum wage and income inequality is statistically insignificant from zero. Other controls include percent with a college degree, percentage of non-white people, percentage of males, average age, and percent growth in GDP.

Social network analysis as a tool for developing, evaluating, and understanding community at Charlotte Bilingual Preschool by Isabella Brady, Abby Woodward, Laila Robinson, Grace Calvert, Dr. Andrew Gadaire

Social network analysis (SNA) provides a community-level view of how actors in a network are connected to one another, which has implications for individual actors and the broader community. Network characteristics can influence how resources, such as information and support, are shared among actors in the network (Lawler & Neal, 2016). Individuals who are highly connected may have greater access to resources, support, and information, which theoretically, influences their well-being and access to opportunities. On a community level, more interconnected networks can yield greater access to a community’s capital for all members.
Charlotte Bilingual Preschool (CltBP) has used SNA to enhance efforts to equip Latinx immigrant parents to support their children in elementary school and beyond. In addition to educational involvement and positive parenting practices, CltBP aims to facilitate access to a community of support and social capital, which is especially important for many recent immigrant parents reporting isolation. By developing an interconnected family network, CltBP aims to promote the exchange of ideas, support, and information among community members, preparing families to support their children effectively.
This poster will demonstrate how CltBP’s Family Programs Team uses SNA to integrate isolated families and develop a more interconnected network. Additionally, presenters will discuss how SNA is used to evaluate CltBP’s community-building efforts. Finally, this poster will illustrate how community members’ connections and positioning in the network contribute to positive outcomes, such as social capital, access to community resources, education involvement, and perceived readiness to support their children’s education in elementary school.

Fathers and Babies: The Causal Effect of Paternity Leave Policies on Fertility Rates by Hailey Braemer

The Effect of Single Parenthood on Violent Crime by Joseph Brockman

This paper uses cross-sectional data for 100 counties in North Carolina to examine the relationship between violent crime rates and the rate of single parenthood (averaged from 2009-2019). The year chosen for this analysis regarding violent crime is 2021. After conducting preliminary analyses, the results suggest a statistically significant and positive relationship between single parenthood rates and violent crime. In addition, preliminary analyses suggest that there is a positive relationship between average weekly income and violent crime rates in North Carolina counties, which is contrary to the findings of prior literature.

Artisanal Gold Miners’ Perceptions of Mercury Risk in Kakamega, Kenya by Cori Bryant

Higher Education Student Perceptions of the Ebola Virus in the US by Seth Carden, Cam Khosravi, Tej Munshi

Does the Presents of Medicaid Affect the Infant Mortality Rate? by Julianne Carey, Dr. Shyam Gouri Suresh

Community-Owned Urban Farms for Fresh Produce in Mecklenburg Food Deserts by Fana Cisse

Journalism’s Impact on the Collective Memory of Woodstock by Julia Conley

The Significance, Treatment, and Conservation Efforts of Elephants in India by Chetna Dawda, Natalie Zhu, Dr. David Martin

The effect of lexical knowledge and patterns of language use and exposure on the acquisition of clitics among Brazilian Portuguese speakers learning Spanish by Isabella Silva DePue

Third-person accusative clitics (e.g., lo, la ‘it, him, her’) are unstressed object pronouns whose overt marking is dependent on the antecedent. In Spanish, definiteness (i.e., known and identifiable) is the ruling feature, whereas in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), it is animacy (i.e., human or animate). The present study investigated the acquisition of second language (L2) Spanish clitics by BP native speakers with different proficiency levels, and explored the possibility of using lexical knowledge as a proxy for measuring overall proficiency. Additionally, it analyzed the effects of patterns of language use and exposure on this acquisition process, specifically the time spent in a Spanish-speaking work or study environment, in a Spanish-speaking country, with Spanish-speaking friends, reading, watching television, and using language-learning apps, which are ways to measure input, output, and interaction in the L2. Eighty-four Brazilians with various levels of L2 Spanish completed three experimental tasks measuring (1) productive lexical knowledge, (2) acceptability judgment, and (3) written elicited production. Overall, results revealed that as productive lexical knowledge increases, language learners’ clitic use and comprehension become more target-like. However, learners abandoned their L1’s feature of animacy in comprehension but not production, suggesting that comprehension becomes more target-like before production when learning an L2. Furthermore, the more time participants spent in a Spanish-speaking country, the more target-like their comprehension of clitics became, and the more they spent in a Spanish-speaking work or study environment, the more target-like their comprehension and production became.

The Increase and Change of Stereotypes in Humor Due to the Rise of Social Media and Technology by Jake Fernicola

How the Relationship Between American Women’s Education and Age at First Birth Has Changed Over Time by Molly Firr

PTA Participation Through Communication and Recruitment: During and After Virtual Learning by Abigail Francis

Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs) have historically affected the cultural landscape of school communities by acting as a vehicle to organize parent voices. Despite the potential that these organizations hold in transforming the landscape for community involvement in schooling, we know little about their operations, specifically how they communicate and recruit members. Do PTA chapters send notes home with students, or use social media platforms? Do they advertise in local papers or make announcements at town events? How did COVID impact these operations? I believe that using organizational theory to study how the design and structure of a PTA chapter will show how relational trust between members, leaders, and the school inhibits or enhances participation. This relational trust, and who feels that trust, can show us who is participating, how they are participating, and how much they are participating in their local PTA chapter, especially during and after crisis (the COVID pandemic). My study is a mixed methods case study focusing on quantitative survey responses from 10 PTA leaders and qualitative interviews from 7 additional PTA leaders. All of the respondents are from different PTA chapters in elementary schools in North Carolina. I analyzed the surveys and interviews using Excel, Stata, and Nvivo to understand how the organizations’ physical and social structures influenced participation during and after virtual learning.
Keywords: PTA, COVID, organizational theory, participation, communication, recruitment, relational trust

Does the local poverty rate affect the local arrest rate? by Lauren Garcia, Dr. Shyam Gouri Suresh

This study uses cross-sectional data for the 120 counties in Kentucky for the year 2020. Interestingly, 2020 was the year that COVID-19 struck the world and completely shut everything down. I hypothesize that poverty rate at the county level will largely impact the arrest rates. 

Do Education, Fertility Rates Or Dependency Ratio Make A Country Richer In Long-term? by Sandro Chumashvili

This study explores the relationship between economic growth and three independent variables:
fertility rates, school enrollment rates, and age dependency ratios. Employing a panel dataset
comprising 108 countries from 1990 to 2020, the analysis compares the performance of two
alternative econometric models: a linear regression model and a quadratic regression model. Based
on the expected signs of the partial derivatives, three hypotheses are proposed: (1) fertility rates
have a positive relationship with economic growth, (2) school enrollment rates have a positive
relationship with economic growth, and (3) age dependency ratios have a negative relationship
with economic growth. The study also aims to identify whether the quadratic model outperforms
the linear model, indicating the presence of diminishing or increasing marginal effects of the
independent variables on economic growth. The primary simplification in this analysis is the
assumption that the relationships between economic growth and the independent variables can
be accurately captured by the specified econometric models, overlooking potential interactions
and unobserved factors influencing economic growth. The results of this investigation contribute
to the understanding of the complex interplay between socioeconomic factors and economic
growth while acknowledging the limitations of the empirical models used.

#UnfilterIt by Sammi Gutknecht, Marie Ueda, Abbey Blonstein

Inspiration “Porn” on Social Media: what it is and its harmful effects by Sarah Todd Hammer

Do excise gas taxes impact the retail prices of gasoline? by Kase Harris

This paper examines the impact that excise gasoline taxes in each state have on the price paid by consumers for a gallon of (standard grade) gasoline. The analysis looks at data from each state in two years, 2021 and 2022. I predict that, controlling for refinery capacity per capita and electric vehicle subsidies, an increase in excise gasoline taxes leads to an increase in the price consumers pay for gasoline.

Effect of Correctional Industry Concentration on Carceral Wages by Grant Hearne

Deforestation of Mangroves in South Asia WordCloud by Caree Henry, Owen, Stef

Depression and Death Dates: Mental Health May Be the Factor that Determines Life Expectancy by Katherine Herrema

This project analyzes county-specific data from Georgia collected for a comprehensive report in 2021 to examine the relationship between mental health and life expectancy. Using control variables that include different physical, social, and economic factors, this project aims to establish a causal relationship where increased mental distress leads to lower life expectancy. This project will also analyze four models with different functional forms to determine this causality. After comparing four theoretical models, this project will further explore a linear-log model to determine causality. The initial effect of mental health on life expectancy was insignificant; however, after isolating the variables, exploring possible collider bias and incorrect theory, and removing studentized residual outliers, mental distress has a negative and significant relationship with life expectancy just above the 1% level. My findings have public policy implications for promoting programs that target those in mental distress and providing individuals with more mental health resources.

The Effect of Geographical Demographics on Sports Interest by Will Hopkins, Ben Morehead, Ajay Singh

World Language Education and Spanish in Elementary Schools by Margaret Hull

Developing an Evaluation Tool for Trauma-Informed Institute by Chale Jacks, Zoe Hommerich, Eboni Thomas

College Students’ Attitudes towards Social Media and its Effects on Interpersonal Relationships by Emily Kaminski, Lisa Meng, Claire Wang

Divorce Custody Laws and College Enrollment by Peter Kuyper

Does NBA Players’ Number of Social Media Followers Affect Their Annual Salary? by Russell Lai

Supporting Minoritized Students in STEM through Mentorship: A Guide for Mentors by Autumn Lee

Do Youth Poverty Rates Affect Juvenile Delinquency Rates? by MaKenzie Leonard

Relocation and Biodiversity in India’s National Parks by Katheryn Livingston, Scout Yokley

How does College Determine Cross-State Migration for International Migrants? by Peter Martinez

Liberal Tears by Caroline Maurano, Jacob Hertzinger

We want to look at the consequences of cancel culture and how they may be leading our world to lean in more dangerous directions. This also includes the consequences of canceling edge comedy that employs stereotype work and how cultural backlashes may put ‘wokeness’ in jeopardy. We want to talk about how perpetuators of social justice movements should avoid canceling comedians in order to make the cancelation of public figures much more just and societally salient. If comedians aren’t able to employ edge-work, then conservatives are more able to perpetuate a narrative that SJW’s are preventing everyone from saying anything.

Does the density of a city effect the Median Home Price? by Mark McCurdy

This paper uses cross-sectional data from the 100 largest cities in the United States to examine the relationship between density and median home price within a city. In this paper I will study the effects of variables that relate to the desirability to live in a particular city. I hypothesized that density would have a positive correlation to median home price within a city due to the low supply of available homes and high costs to further develop a high dense city. I find that population density has little to no effect on the median price of a home while using a model with high significance.

Changing the Rules Changes the Game: Ranked Choice Voting and Descriptive Representation of Women in Municipal Office by Adeline McDonough

Does Crime Rate Affect Voter Turnout in the United States? by Charlie McGee

The purpose of this paper is to determine if there is a relationship between voter turnout and crime. By looking at crime rate and voter turnout by state for 2 different presidential election years (2008 and 2016), I theorized that as crime rate increases, voter turnout will also increase as the voters look for avenues of change and look to policy making to achieve this. The results showed no significant effect of crime rates on voter turnout. However, the switch hypothesis, as developed by Kroska, Schmidt, and Schleifer, was found to have some evidence. In democratic voting states, higher white-collar crime rates did indeed lead to higher voter turnout. The lack of a clear relationship between voter turnout and crime rates suggests that perhaps crime does not drive voter turnout as the hypothesis theorized.

An Empirical Analysis of Player Performance and Salary in Major League Baseball, 2022 by Cael McLaren

This project provides a cross-sectional study on the effects of player performance on salary for the 2022 Major League Baseball season. Data was collected for the 822 players who played in the league in 2022, including performance metric Wins Above Replacement (WAR), age, position, and team. Results are statistically significant: WAR, age, and team are strong determinants of a player’s yearly salary. Position also is a major determinant of salary as Pitchers make more relative to their war than Position Players.

How the Roberts Court Uses Religion as an Identity Influencer in Pandemic Era Religious Freedom Cases by Skylar McVicar

Amidst already unprecedented levels of political polarization, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic further divided the nation as the pandemic raised distinctive questions about mandates and required medical procedures. With the constantly debated ethics of pandemic policies, it seems the Supreme Court is hearing an increasing number of religiously affiliated cases, and the rationale used by the Court in different opinions reflects a number of prominent religious concerns. Given the 6-3 conservative split, and a 7-9 Catholic to Jewish religious representation on the Court, it is easy to assert that religious ideology swayed the outcome of many Court opinions. Certain identity factors like ideology, gender, race, and geographic region have been heavily studied in political science research, but minimal research has yet been done on religion’s impact on decision-making. My question asks: how does religious affiliation influence individual justices on the Roberts Court in Pandemic Era religious freedom cases?
My hypothesis predicts there will be an indirect correlation between a justice’s specific religious tradition and how he/she rules on religious freedom cases. But, after analyzing ten prominent religious freedom cases since 2020 along with studying other proposed explanations for justice behavior, I have reached a negative conclusion. I do not have explicit evidence to say the Roberts Court justices are definitively influenced by their religious traditions, but I also cannot conclude with confidence they are not influenced by these faith traditions. In fact, there are a number of factors that work together to produce these overly accomodationist results.

The Effect of Permitless Firearm Carry Laws on Gun Related Deaths 1999-2021 by Jack Meslow

Does government and private healthcare spending affect life expectancy? by Storm Monroe

This paper uses cross sectional data of 158 countries during the year 2018 to look at the relationship between life expectancy at birth, government health expenditure per capita and private health expenditure per capita. This paper also examines the general effect of economic factors on life expectancy. I expect a positive relationship between life expectancy and the health expenditures. By using F-tests I found that government health expenditure and private health expenditure did in fact matter in determining life expectancy. Through estimating a regression model controlling for percentages of people using basic sanitation services, the GDP per capita, the percentage of a country’s population that is urbanized, and the unemployment in each country I found that Government health expenditure is positively related while private health expenditure is negatively related.

Does Graduation Rate Impact the Number of Drug Overdose Deaths? by Caroline Moran

Education in the New Latino South: Grassroots Activism in (Post)Pandemic Charlotte, NC by Mandy Muise

This project examines how the work of a grassroots activist organization, LatinEd Mecklenburg, has encouraged and strengthened agency and activism within the Charlotte Mecklenburg School System (CMS) and in the broader the Latin@ community of Charlotte. I take an engaged, activist approach to ethnography as a means of analyzing my collaboration with educators in LatinEd, evaluating the group’s challenges to xenophobic rhetoric directed toward newcomer Latin@ students along with the organization’s role in providing external resources to individuals within CMS. I argue that the work of LatinEd Mecklenburg is most impactful to student experiences when it challenges prevalent discourse around the Latin@ educational achievement gap, and identifies structural inequities, rather than cultural deficit, as the origin of achievement gaps between Latin@ students and their white counterparts in Charlotte. By analyzing LatinEd’s work, this project pays homage to the often-unrecognized work of Latin@ activist-educators in Charlotte, individuals who have shaped educational policy and fought for equity throughout CMS from within spaces that have historically excluded their voices. Ultimately, this ethnographic work consolidates and contextualizes LatinEd Mecklenburg’s work in an effort to strengthen the group’s impact as its members continue to advocate for equitable educational policy reform.

The Effect of Youth Social Conditions on Future Job Opportunities by Erik Negrete

The focus of this paper is to investigate social conditions that may have a relationship on whether an individual may be employed in the future. This paper discusses the differential effects of juvenile arrests, teenage pregnancy, high school dropouts, and living in poverty on unemployment. My independent variables are lagged, taken from the year 2015, due to the effects not being evident right away. The analysis results reveal that all four independent variables, juvenile arrests, teenage pregnancy, high school dropouts, and poverty, statistically significantly impact unemployment. Specifically, the regression analysis shows that arrests and poverty have a negative relationship with unemployment, while dropping out and teenage pregnancy has a positive effect, indicating that individuals who have experienced these social conditions are more likely to be unemployed. It is also essential to mention that the relationships change depending on the independent variables. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers, as they suggest that addressing these social issues may be an effective way to reduce unemployment rates and improve economic outcomes for individuals and communities. Overall, this paper contributes to the understanding of the complex relationship between social conditions and unemployment and highlights the need for further research in this area.

Mental Health at Davidson College: A Comparison of Athletes and Non-Athletes by Charlie Siebert, John Gabriel

Understanding the Influences of the Use and Interpretation of the Shadow Docket: Variability and Uncertainty in the Judicial Hierarchy by Anya Neumeister

Does the Opioid Prescribing Rate affect the Crime Rate? by Trung Nguyen

Helping Those In Need Or Those In Power? Assessing The Effects Of Foreign Aid On Income Inequality by Nikolaos Paramythiotis